Fruitarianism is the practice endorsed by people called fruitarians or fructarians of following a diet that comprises fruits, nuts and seeds, without animal products, vegetables and grains.[1] Fruitarianism is a subset of veganism Veganism is a philosophy and lifestyle whose adherents seek to exclude the use of animals for food, clothing, or any other purpose. Vegans endeavor not to use or consume animal products of any kind. The most common reasons for becoming a vegan are human health, ethical commitment or moral conviction concerning animal rights or welfare, the.
Some people whose diet consists of 75% or more fruit consider themselves fruitarians.[2]
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Definitions
Fruitarian definition of fruit
Commonly the term "fruit The term has different meanings dependent on context. In non-technical usage, such as food preparation, fruit normally means the fleshy seed-associated structures of certain plants that are sweet and edible in the raw state, such as apples, oranges, grapes, strawberries, juniper berries and bananas. Seed-associated structures that do not fit these" is used when referring to plant fruits that are sweet, fleshy and contain seeds within the plant fruit (for example, plums A plum or gage is a stone fruit tree in the genus Prunus, subgenus Prunus. The subgenus is distinguished from other subgenera in the shoots having a terminal bud and the side buds solitary (not clustered), the flowers in groups of one to five together on short stems, and the fruit having a groove running down one side and a smooth stone (or pit), apples The apple is the pomaceous fruit of the apple tree, species Malus domestica in the rose family and is a perennial. It is one of the most widely cultivated tree fruits, and the most widely known of the many members of genus Malus that are used by humans, and oranges An orange—specifically, the sweet orange—is the citrus Citrus ×sinensis and its fruit. The orange is a hybrid of ancient cultivated origin, possibly between pomelo (Citrus maxima) and tangerine (Citrus reticulata).[citation needed] It is a small flowering tree growing to about 10 m tall with evergreen leaves, which are arranged alternately,). However, there are other foods that are not typically considered to be fruits in a culinary sense but are botanically, such as berries The botanical definition of a berry is a fleshy fruit produced from a single ovary. Grapes are berries. The berry is the most common type of fleshy fruit in which the entire ovary wall ripens into an edible pericarp. They may have one or more carpels with a thin covering and fleshy interiors. The seeds are usually embedded in the flesh of the, bell peppers Bell pepper or sweet pepper is a cultivar group of the species Capsicum annuum . Cultivars of the plant produce fruits in different colors, including red, yellow and orange. The fruit is also frequently consumed in its unripe form, when the fruit is still green. Bell peppers are sometimes grouped with less pungent pepper varieties as "sweet, eggplant The eggplant, aubergine, melongene, brinjal, or guinea squash is a plant of the family Solanaceae (also known as the nightshades) and genus Solanum. It bears a fruit of the same name, commonly used as a vegetable in cooking. As a nightshade, it is closely related to the tomato and potato and is native to Nepal, India, Bangladesh, Pakistan, and Sri, tomatoes The tomato is a savory, typically red, edible fruit, as well as the plant which bears it. Originating in South America, the tomato was spread around the world following the Spanish colonization of the Americas, and its many varieties are now widely grown, often in greenhouses in cooler climates, cucumbers The cucumber is a widely cultivated plant in the gourd family Cucurbitaceae, which includes squash, and in the same genus as the muskmelon, nuts Nut is a hard shelled fruit of some plants that has an indehiscent seed. While a wide variety of dried seeds and fruits are called nuts in English, only a certain number of them are considered by biologists to be true nuts. Nuts are an important source of nutrients for both humans and wildlife and grains Cereals, grains, or cereal grains are grasses cultivated for the edible components of their fruit seeds (botanically, a type of fruit called a caryopsis): the endocarp, germ, and bran. Cereal grains are grown in greater quantities and provide more food energy worldwide than any other type of crop; they are therefore staple crops. Grain is both a.[3]
Fruitarians use differing definitions of what is considered a "fruit." For example, Herbert M. Shelton, a founder of Orthopathy, included non-fleshy fruits, such as nuts Nut is a hard shelled fruit of some plants that has an indehiscent seed. While a wide variety of dried seeds and fruits are called nuts in English, only a certain number of them are considered by biologists to be true nuts. Nuts are an important source of nutrients for both humans and wildlife, within the definition of fruit.[4]
Definition of fruitarian
Some fruitarians will eat only what falls (or would fall) naturally from a plant; that is: foods that can be harvested without killing the plant.[5][6][7] These foods consist primarily of culinary fruits, nuts, and seeds A seed ( /ˈsiːd/ ) is a small embryonic plant enclosed in a covering called the seed coat, usually with some stored food. It is the product of the ripened ovule of gymnosperm and angiosperm plants which occurs after fertilization and some growth within the mother plant. The formation of the seed completes the process of reproduction in seed.[8] According to author Adam Gollner, some fruitarians eat only fallen fruit.[9] Some do not eat grains, believing it is unnatural to do so,[10] and some fruitarians feel that it is improper for humans to eat seeds[11] as they contain future plants,[9] or nuts and seeds,[12] or any foods besides juicy fruits.[13] Others believe they should eat only plants that spread seeds when the plant is eaten.[14] Others eat seeds and some cooked foods.[15] Some fruitarians use the botanical definitions of fruits and consume pulses A pulse is an annual leguminous crop yielding from one to twelve grains or seeds of variable size, shape, and color within a pod. Pulses are used for food and animal feed. The term "pulse", as used by the Food and Agricultural Organization , is reserved for crops harvested solely for the dry grain. This excludes green beans and green, such as many beans Bean is a common name for large plant seeds of several genera of the family Fabaceae used for human food or animal feed and peas A pea is most commonly the small spherical seed or the seed-pod of the legume Pisum sativum. Each pod contains several peas. Peapods are botanically a fruit, since they contain seeds developed from the ovary of a flower. However, peas are considered to be a vegetable in cooking. The name is also used to describe other edible seeds from the[16] or legumes A legume in botanical writing is a plant in the family Fabaceae , or a fruit of these specific plants. A legume fruit is a simple dry fruit that develops from a simple carpel and usually dehisces (opens along a seam) on two sides. A common name for this type of fruit is a pod, although "pod" is also applied to a few other fruit types,, or pulses A pulse is an annual leguminous crop yielding from one to twelve seeds of variable size, shape, and color within a pod. Pulses are used for food and animal feed. The term "pulse", as used by the Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO), is reserved for crops harvested solely for the dry seed. This excludes green beans and green peas, and legumes A legume in botanical writing is a plant in the family Fabaceae , or a fruit of these specific plants. A legume fruit is a simple dry fruit that develops from a simple carpel and usually dehisces (opens along a seam) on two sides. A common name for this type of fruit is a pod, although "pod" is also applied to a few other fruit types,. Still further definitions include raw fruits, dried fruits, nuts, honey and olive oil,[17] or fruits, nuts, beans and chocolate [18]
Motivation
Some fruitarians believe fruitarianism was the original diet of humankind in the form of Adam and Eve Adam and Eve (Hebrew: חַוָּה, Ḥawwā, "living one"; Arabic: حواء, Ḥawwāʼ) were, according to the Book of Genesis of the Bible, the first man and woman created by God based on Genesis The Book of Genesis is the first book of the Hebrew Bible, and the first of five books of the Torah, called the Pentateuch in the Christian Old Testament 1:29.[15] They believe that a return to an Eden The Garden of Eden is described in the Book of Genesis as being the place where the first man, Adam, and his wife, Eve, lived after they were created by God. Literally, the Bible speaks about a garden in Eden (Gen. 2:8). This garden forms part of the Genesis creation narrative and theodicy of the Abrahamic religions, often being used to explain-like paradise Paradise is a place in which existence is positive, harmonious and timeless. It is conceptually a counter-image of the miseries of human civilization, and in paradise there is only peace, prosperity, and happiness. Paradise is a place of contentment, but it is not necessarily a land of luxury and idleness. It is often used in the same context as will require simple living Simple living is a lifestyle characterized by consuming only that which is required to sustain life. Adherents may choose simple living for a variety of personal reasons, such as spirituality, health, increase in 'quality time' for family and friends, reducing their personal ecological footprint, stress reduction, personal taste or frugality. E. F and a holistic Holism is the idea that all the properties of a given system (physical, biological, chemical, social, economic, mental, linguistic, etc.) cannot be determined or explained by its component parts alone. Instead, the system as a whole determines in an important way how the parts behave approach to health and diet.[19] Some fruitarians wish, like Jains Jainism is an ancient religion of India that prescribes a path of non-violence towards all living beings. Its philosophy and practice emphasize the necessity of self-effort to move the soul towards divine consciousness and liberation. Any soul that has conquered its own inner enemies and achieved the state of supreme being is called Jina (, to avoid killing anything, including plants,[15] and refer to Ahimsa Ahimsa is a term meaning to do no harm (literally: the avoidance of violence - himsa). It is an important tenet of the Indian religions (Hinduism, Buddhism and especially Jainism). Ahimsa is a rule of conduct that bars the killing or injuring of living beings. It is closely connected with the notion that all kinds of violence entail negative fruitarianism.[20] Some fruitarians say that eating some types of fruit does the parent plant a favor and that fleshy fruit has evolved to be eaten by animals, to achieve seed dispersal Biological dispersal refers to a species movement away from an existing population or away from the parent organism. Through simply moving from one habitat patch to another, the dispersal of an individual has consequences not only for individual fitness, but also for population dynamics, population genetics, and species distribution. Understanding.[14]
Scientific studies
Dental studies
In 1979, Professor Alan Walker, a Johns Hopkins University Johns Hopkins University, commonly referred to as Johns Hopkins, JHU, or simply Hopkins, is a private research university located in Baltimore, Maryland, United States. Johns Hopkins also maintains full-time campuses elsewhere in Maryland, Washington, D.C., Italy, China, and Singapore. Johns Hopkins University is particularly famous for its world- paleoanthropologist reported that preliminary studies of unmarked tooth enamel in early hominoids suggested that pre-human ancestors apparently had a diet of mostly fruit. Walker said, "I don't want to make too much of this yet. But it is quite a surprise."[21]
Clinical studies
In 1971, a short-term study by B. J. Meyer was published in the South Africa Medical Journal [22] describing how lipid profiles and glucose tolerances improved on a particular fruitarian diet.[23] An earlier 1971 study by Meyer tested a 45 year old teacher who claimed she had eaten only fruits for the past 12 years, who was found to be in "excellent health".[24] In a further trial in the study, body weights of overweight subjects showed a tendency to "level off" at the "'theoretically ideal' weight".[25]
Nutritional concerns
Nutritional deficiencies
As a very extreme vegan Veganism is a philosophy and lifestyle whose adherents seek to exclude the use of animals for food, clothing, or any other purpose. Vegans endeavor not to use or consume animal products of any kind. The most common reasons for becoming a vegan are human health, ethical commitment or moral conviction concerning animal rights or welfare, the diet, fruitarianism is highly restrictive, making nutritional adequacy almost impossible.[26] The Health Promotion Program at Columbia University Columbia University in the City of New York is a private research university in New York City and a member of the Ivy League. Columbia is the oldest institution of higher learning in the state of New York, the fifth oldest in the United States, and one of the country's nine Colonial Colleges founded before the American Revolution. It was founded reports that a fruitarian diet can cause deficiencies in calcium Calcium is the chemical element with the symbol Ca and atomic number 20. It has an atomic mass of 40.078 amu. Calcium is a soft gray alkaline earth metal, and is the fifth most abundant element by mass in the Earth's crust. Calcium is also the fifth most abundant dissolved ion in seawater by both molarity and mass, after sodium, chloride,, protein Proteins are organic compounds made of amino acids arranged in a linear chain and folded into a globular form. The amino acids in a polymer are joined together by the peptide bonds between the carboxyl and amino groups of adjacent amino acid residues. The sequence of amino acids in a protein is defined by the sequence of a gene, which is encoded, iron Iron is the most common element in the earth as a whole, and the fourth most common in the Earth's crust. It is produced as a result of stellar fusion in high-mass stars, and it is the heaviest stable element produced by stellar fusion because the fusion of iron is the last nuclear fusion reaction that is exothermic. Iron is the most widely used, zinc, vitamin D Vitamin D is a group of fat-soluble secosteroids, the two major physiologically relevant forms of which are vitamin D2 and vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol). Vitamin D without a subscript refers to either D2 or D3 or both. Vitamin D3 is produced in the skin of vertebrates after exposure to ultraviolet B light from the sun or artificial sources, and, most B vitamins The B vitamins are eight water-soluble vitamins that play important roles in cell metabolism. The B vitamins were once thought to be a single vitamin, referred to as vitamin B . Later research showed that they are chemically distinct vitamins that often coexist in the same foods. In general, supplements containing all eight are referred to as a (especially B12 Vitamin B12, vitamin B12 or vitamin B-12, also called cobalamin, is a water soluble vitamin with a key role in the normal functioning of the brain and nervous system, and for the formation of blood. It is one of the eight B vitamins. It is normally involved in the metabolism of every cell of the human body, especially affecting DNA synthesis and), and essential fatty acids Essential fatty acids, or EFAs, are fatty acids that must be obtained from the diet for good health because they cannot be constructed within an organism from other components. The term refers to fatty acids required for biological processes, and not those which may just play a role as fuel. Additionally, the Health Promotion Program at Columbia reports that food restrictions in general may lead to hunger There were 923 million malnourished people in the world in 2007, an increase of 80 million since 1990. The FAO purports that the world already produces enough food to feed everyone — 6 billion people — and could feed double — 12 billion people, cravings, food obsessions, social disruptions Social disruption is a term used in sociology to describe the alteration or breakdown of social life, often in a community setting. For example, the closing of a community grocery store might cause social disruption in a community by removing a "meeting ground" for community members to develop interpersonal relationships and community and social isolation Social isolation is the pervasive withdrawal or avoidance of social contact or communication. It can contribute toward, or be the result of, many emotional, behavioural and physical disorders including anxiety, panic attacks, eating disorders, addictions, substance abuse, violence and overall disease.[27]
Vitamin B12
Vitamin B12 Vitamin B12, vitamin B12 or vitamin B-12, also called cobalamin, is a water soluble vitamin with a key role in the normal functioning of the brain and nervous system, and for the formation of blood. It is one of the eight B vitamins. It is normally involved in the metabolism of every cell of the human body, especially affecting DNA synthesis and, a bacterial product, is not found in any fruits. According to the U.S. National Institutes of Health The National Institutes of Health is an agency of the United States Department of Health and Human Services and is the primary agency of the United States government responsible for biomedical and health-related research. It consists of 27 separate institutes and centers which includes the Office of the Director. Francis S. Collins is the current "natural food sources of vitamin B12 are limited to foods that come from animals."[28] Like raw vegans Raw veganism is a diet which combines veganism and raw foodism. It excludes all food of animal origin, and all food cooked above 48 degrees Celsius . A raw vegan diet includes raw vegetables and fruits, nuts and nut pastes, grain and legume sprouts, seeds, plant oils, sea vegetables, herbs, and fresh juices. There are many different versions of who do not consume B12-fortified foods (certain plant milks and breakfast cereals, for example), fruitarians may need to include a B12 supplement in their diet or risk vitamin B12 deficiency Vitamin B12 deficiency is a reduction in vitamin B12 from inadequate dietary intake or impaired absorption. The condition is commonly asymptomatic, but can also present as anemia characterized by enlarged blood corpuscles with characteristic changes in neutrophils, known as megaloblastic anemia.
Growth & development issues
In children, growth and development are at risk. Nutritional problems include severe protein energy malnutrition, anaemia and a wide range of vitamin and mineral deficiencies.[29] Several children have died as the result of being fed fruitarian diets.[30][31][32] As a result, children have been taken from parents feeding them fruitarian diets.[33]
Lifestyle difficulties
Lack of protein in fleshy fruit can make the lifestyle difficult to sustain, and can lead to the condition of hypoproteinemia One common cause is due to excess protein in the urine , which can be a medical sign of nephrotic syndrome or kwashiorkor Kwashiorkor is an acute form of childhood protein-energy malnutrition characterized by edema, irritability, anorexia, ulcerating dermatoses, and an enlarged liver with fatty infiltrates. The presence of edema caused by poor nutrition defines kwashiorkor. Kwashiorkor was thought to be caused by insufficient protein consumption but with sufficient.[34] However nuts Nut is a hard shelled fruit of some plants that has an indehiscent seed. While a wide variety of dried seeds and fruits are called nuts in English, only a certain number of them are considered by biologists to be true nuts. Nuts are an important source of nutrients for both humans and wildlife and legumes, if included, are good sources of protein. Due to the lower digestibility of plant proteins, the American Dietetic Association The American Dietetic Association is the United States' largest organization of food and nutrition professionals, with nearly 67,000 members. Approximately 75 % of ADA's members are registered dietitians and about 4 % are dietetic technicians, registered. The remainder of ADA's members include researchers, educators, students, clinical and (ADA) states "protein needs might be higher than the RDA (when) dietary protein sources are mainly those that are less well digested, such as some cereals and legumes."[35]
Advocates
Some notable advocates of fruitarianism, diets which may be considered fruitarian or lifestyles that, in part, included an all fruit diet have included August Engelhardt,[36] Arnold Ehret,[37] Raymond W. Bernard,[38] and Anne Osborne.[39][40] Essie Honiball[41][42] also adhered to a fruitarian diet for some time. Others such as Ross Horne[43] and Viktoras Kulvinskas[44] appeared to only describe the fruitarian diet.[45] Some, like Johnny Lovewisdom, experimented with different diets, including juicy fruitarianism,[46] liquidarianism (juices only),[47] vitarianism (fruit, vegetables, raw dairy)[48] and breatharianism.[49] Others like author Morris Krok,[50] allegedly recommended against the diet once they stopped,[51] with dietary practices of fruitarians being as varied as definitions of the term 'fruitarianism'. Diet author, Joe Alexander lived for 56 days on juicy fruits.[52]
Famous fruitarians
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Mon, 05 Jul 2010 11:33:33 GMT+00:00
The South African Journal of Natural Medicine (subscription) And what is fruitarianism ? Without sufficient information it's difficult to make dietary choices that can profoundly affect one's health and wellbeing, ...
Wed, 04 Aug 2010 21:44:33 PDT
eaten as is. Fruit and vegetables! www.thefruitarian.com ... nuts seeds gourmet raw food low fat vegan 811 fruitarianism doug graham simplify your ... youtube.com.
Fruitarian Mango
Mon, 20 Jul 2009 02:27:00 GM
Always excited to meet another solely fruit eating person into . fruitarianism. , I googled around some, found his email, and got in touch with him, asking if he would be up for an interview on my blog. Days later, I received an email reply ...
