Dog meat refers to edible parts and the flesh derived from canines. Human consumption of dog meat has been recorded throughout history in many parts of the world, including ancient Rome, China, and Mexico.^[2] Dog meat is presently consumed in a variety of countries such as China, Vietnam.^[3][4] In addition, dog meat is has been used by cultures that normally do not eat the meat as a survival food in times of war or other times of extreme hardship.^[5][6]

In contemporary times, some cultures view the consumption of dog meat a part of their traditional cuisine while others consider consumption of dog to be offensive. Supporters of dog meat argue that the distinction between livestock and pets is subjective. ^[7][8][9]

In the Islamic Islam (Arabic: الإسلام‎ al-’islām, pronounced [ʔislæːm] [note 1]) is the monotheistic religion articulated by the Qur’an, a text considered by its adherents to be the verbatim word of their one, incomparable God (Arabic: الله‎, Allāh), and by the Prophet of Islam Muhammad's teachings and normative example (in Arabic called and Jewish The Jews , also known as the Jewish people, are a nation and ethnoreligious group originating in the Israelites or Hebrews of the Ancient Near East. The Jewish ethnicity, nationality, and religion are strongly interrelated, as Judaism is the traditional faith of the Jewish nation. Converts to Judaism, whose status as Jews within the Jewish ethnos cultures, eating dog is forbidden under Muslim dietary laws Islamic jurisprudence specifies which foods are halāl and which are harām (unlawful). This is based on rules found in the Qur'an, the holy book of Islam. Other rules are added to these in fatwas by Mujtahids with various degrees of strictness, but they are not always held to be authoritative by all. According to the Quran, the only foods and Jewish laws of Kashrut Kashrut is the set of Jewish dietary laws. Food in accord with halakha (Jewish law) is termed kosher in English, from the Ashkenazi pronunciation of the Hebrew term kashér (כָּשֵׁר), meaning "fit" (in this context, fit for consumption by Jews according to traditional Jewish law). Food that is not in accordance with Jewish law is.^[10]

By region

Arctic and Antarctic

Dogs have historically been emergency food sources for various peoples in Siberia Siberia , is a vast region, constituting almost all of Northern Asia and currently the massive central and eastern portion of the Russian Federation, as it was in the USSR from its beginning, and the Russian Empire since the 16th century, Alaska Alaska was purchased from the Russian Empire on March 30, 1867, for $7.2 million at about two cents per acre . The land went through several administrative changes before becoming an organized territory on May 11, 1912, and the 49th state of the U.S. on January 3, 1959, northern Canada Northern Canada, colloquially the North, is the vast northernmost region of Canada variously defined by geography and politics. Politically, the term refers to the three territories of Canada: Yukon, Northwest Territories, and Nunavut. Similarly, the Far North may refer to the Canadian Arctic: the portion of Canada north of the Arctic Circle, and Greenland b. ^ Greenland, the Faeroes and Iceland were formally Norwegian possessions until 1814 despite 400 years of Danish monarchy beforehand. Sled dogs Sled dogs, known also as sleighman dogs, sledge dogs, or sleddogs, are highly trained types of dogs that are used to pull a dog sled, a wheel-less vehicle on runners also called a sled or sleigh, over snow or ice, by means of harnesses and lines are usually maintained for pulling sleds, but occasionally are eaten when no other food is available.

British explorer Ernest Shackleton Sir Ernest Henry Shackleton, CVO, OBE was an Anglo-Irish explorer who was one of the principal figures of the period known as the Heroic Age of Antarctic Exploration. His first experience of the polar regions was as third officer on Captain Scott’s Discovery Expedition, 1901–04, from which he was sent home early on health grounds. Determined and his Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition The Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition , also known as the Endurance Expedition, is considered the last major expedition of the Heroic Age of Antarctic Exploration. Conceived by Sir Ernest Shackleton, the expedition was an attempt to make the first land crossing of the Antarctic continent. After the conquest of the South Pole by Roald Amundsen in became trapped, and ultimately killed their sled dogs for food. Norwegian explorer Roald Amundsen Roald Engelbregt Gravning Amundsen was a Norwegian explorer of polar regions. He led the first Antarctic expedition to reach the South Pole between 1910 and 1912. He was also the first person to reach both the North and South Poles. He is known as the first to traverse the Northwest Passage. He disappeared in June 1928 while taking part in a was known to have eaten sled dogs during his expedition to the South Pole. By eating some of the sled dogs, he required less human or dog food, thus lightening his load. When comparing sled dogs to ponies as draught animals he also notes:

"...there is the obvious advantage that dog can be fed on dog. One can reduce one's pack little by little, slaughtering the feebler ones and feeding the chosen with them. In this way they get fresh meat. Our dogs lived on dog's flesh and pemmican Pemmican is a concentrated mixture of fat and protein used as a nutritious emergency foodstuff. The word comes from the Cree word pimîhkân, "pemmican", which itself is derived from the word pimî, "fat, grease". It was invented by the native peoples of North America[citation needed]. It was widely adopted as a high-energy the whole way, and this enabled them to do splendid work. And if we ourselves wanted a piece of fresh meat we could cut off a delicate little fillet; it tasted to us as good as the best beef. The dogs do not object at all; as long as they get their share they do not mind what part of their comrade's carcass it comes from. All that was left after one of these canine meals was the teeth of the victim - and if it had been a really hard day, these also disappeared."^[11]

Douglas Mawson Sir Douglas Mawson, OBE, FRS, FAA was an Australian Antarctic explorer and geologist. Along with Roald Amundsen, Robert Falcon Scott, and Ernest Shackleton, Mawson was a key expedition leader during the Heroic Age of Antarctic Exploration and Xavier Mertz Xavier Guillaume Mertz was a Swiss explorer, principally famous for his adventures in the Antarctic. He is also the first person whose cause of death was documented as 'Vitamin A poisoning' (see below) were part of a three-man sledging team with Lieutenant B. E. S. Ninnis to survey King George V Land, Antarctica. On 14 December 1912 Ninnis fell through a snow-covered crevasse along with most of the party's rations, and was never seen again. Mawson and Mertz turned back immediately. They had one and a half weeks' food for themselves and nothing at all for the dogs. Their meagre provisions forced them to eat their remaining sled dogs on their 315 mile return journey. Their meat was tough, stringy and without a vestige of fat. Each animal yielded very little, and the major part was fed to the surviving dogs which ate the meat, skin and bones until nothing remained. The men also ate the dog's brains and livers. Unfortunately eating the liver of sled dogs produces the condition hypervitaminosis A Signs of acute toxicity include nausea and vomiting, headache, dizziness, blurred vision, and loss of muscular coordination. Mertz suffered a quick deterioration. He developed stomach pains and he became incapacitated and incoherent. On 7 January 1913 Mertz died. Mawson continued alone, eventually making it back to camp alive.^[6]

Canada

Under Canada's Wildlife Act, it is illegal to sell meat from any wild species. But there is no law against selling and serving canine meat, including dogs, if it is killed and gutted in front of federal inspectors.^[12]

In 2003, health inspectors discovered four frozen canine carcasses in the freezer of a Chinese restaurant Chinese workers were employed in the 1800s by Chinese labour contractors during the construction of the Canadian Pacific Railway linking Montreal with Vancouver. Many of those workers who stayed once the railway was completed resorted to opening small inexpensive restaurants or working as cooks in mining and logging camps, canneries, and in the in Edmonton Edmonton is the capital of the Canadian province of Alberta. The city is located on the North Saskatchewan River in the central region of the province, an area with some of the most fertile farmland on the prairies. It is the second largest city in Alberta after Calgary, and is the hub of Canada's sixth-largest census metropolitan area. The^[13] which, in the end, were found to be coyotes The coyote (Canis latrans), also known as the American jackal or the prairie wolf, is a species of canid found throughout North and Central America, ranging from Panama in the south, north through Mexico, the United States and Canada. It occurs as far north as Alaska and all but the northernmost portions of Canada. There are currently 19. The Edmonton health inspector said that it is not illegal to sell and eat the meat of dogs and other canines Canidae is the biological family of carnivorous and omnivorous mammals that includes the wolves, foxes, jackals, coyotes, and the domestic dog; a member of this family is called a canid (/ˈkeɪnɨd/). The Canidae family is divided into the "wolf-like" and "dog-like" animals of the tribe Canini and the "foxes" of the, as long as the meat has been inspected.^[14]

China Mainland

Dog meat (Chinese Chinese or the Sinitic language (汉语／漢語 Hànyǔ; 华语／華語 Huáyǔ; 中文 Zhōngwén) is a language family consisting of languages which are mostly mutually unintelligible to varying degrees. Originally the indigenous languages spoken by the Han Chinese in China, it forms one of the two branches of Sino-Tibetan family of languages: 狗肉; pinyin Pinyin , or more formally Hanyu Pinyin (汉语拼音 / 漢語拼音), is currently the most commonly used romanization system for Standard Mandarin (标准普通话 / 標準普通話). Hànyǔ (汉语 / 漢語) means the Chinese language, and pīnyīn (拼音) means "phonetics", or more literally, "spelling sound" or ": gǒu ròu) has been a source of food in some areas of China from at least around 500 BC, and possibly even before. Mencius Mencius, also known by his birth name Meng Ke or Ko, was born in the State of Zou, now forming the territory of the county-level city of Zoucheng; originally Zouxian), Shandong province, only thirty kilometres south of Qufu, Confucius' birthplace, the philosopher, recommended dog meat because of its pharmaceutical properties.^[15] Ancient writings from the Zhou Dynasty The Zhou Dynasty followed the Shang Dynasty and was followed by the Qin Dynasty in China. The Zhou dynasty lasted longer than any other dynasty in Chinese history — though the actual political and military control of China by the dynasty only lasted during the Western Zhou. During the Zhou Dynasty, the use of iron was introduced to China, while referred to the "three beasts"^{[cite this quote]} (which were bred for food), comprising pig, goat, and dog. Dog meat is sometimes euphemistically A euphemism is a substitution with an agreeable or less offensive expression in place of one that may offend or suggest something unpleasant to the receiver, or to make it less troublesome for the speaker, as in the case of doublespeak. The deployment of euphemisms is a central aspect within the public application of political correctness called "fragrant meat" (香肉 xiāng ròu) or "mutton Lamb, hogget, and mutton are the meat of domestic sheep. The meat of an animal in its first year is lamb; that of an older sheep is hogget and later mutton of the earth" (地羊 dì yáng) in Mandarin Chinese Standard Mandarin, or Standard Chinese, known by various names to native speakers, is the official modern Chinese spoken language used in mainland China and Taiwan, and is one of the four official languages of Singapore and "3-6 fragrant meat" (traditional Chinese Traditional Chinese characters refers to Chinese characters in any of the standard sets of Chinese characters which are not the Xiàndài Hànyǔ Chángyòng Zìbiǎo or Tōyō kanji. It most commonly refers to characters in the standardized character sets of Taiwan, of Hong Kong, or in the Kangxi Dictionary. The modern shapes of traditional: 三六香肉; Cantonese Yale The Yale romanizations are four systems created at Yale University for romanizing the four East Asian languages of Mandarin, Cantonese, Korean, and Japanese. The Yale romanization for Mandarin was created during World War II for use by United States military personnel, while the Yale romanization systems for the other three languages were created: sàam luhk hèung yuhk) in Cantonese Cantonese is a variety of the Chinese language spoken in and around the city of Guangzhou in Southern China, by the majority population of Hong Kong and Macau, and as a lingua franca of Guangdong province, eastern Guangxi province, and some neighbouring areas. It is used in Hong Kong and Macau as the de facto official spoken language of government (3 plus 6 is 9 and the words "nine" and "dog" are homophones A homophone is a word that is pronounced the same as another word but differs in meaning. The words may be spelled the same, such as rose and rose (past tense of "rise"), or differently, such as carat, caret, and carrot, or to, two, and too. Homophones that are spelled the same are also both homographs and homonyms. Homophones that are, both pronounced gáu in Cantonese. In Mandarin, "nine" and "dog" are pronounced differently).

The eating of dog meat China dates back thousands of years. Dog meat has long been thought by some to have medicinal properties, and is especially popular in winter months as it is believed to generate heat and promote bodily warmth.^{[16][17][18][19]} Also, dogs have occasionally been eaten as an emergency food supply.^[20]

Eating dog is a socially acceptable practice.^[3] Chinese astronauts even incorporated dog as part of their diet in space to keep themselves in "top shape".^[21]

Some controversy has emerged about the treatment of dogs in China not because of the consumption itself, but because of other factors like cruelty involved with the killing including allegations that animals are sometimes skinned while still alive.^[22]

A growing movement against consumption of cat and dog meat has gained attention from people in mainland China. Those changes began about two years after the formation of the Chinese Companion Animal Protection Network, a networking project of Chinese Animal Protection Network. Expanded to more than 40 member societies, CCAPN in January 2006 began organizing well-publicized protests against dog and cat eating, starting in Guangzhou, following up in more than ten other cities "with very optimal response from public."^[23]

Since January 2007, more than ten Chinese groups have joined an online signing event against the consumption of cat and dog meat. The signatures indicate that the participants will avoid eating cat and dog meat in the future. This online signing event received more than 42,000 signatures from public and has been circulated around the country.^[24]

Some Chinese restaurants in the United States serve "imitation dog meat", which is usually pulled pork and purportedly flavored like dog meat. e.g. "Northern Chinese Restaurant", Rosemead, California ^[25]

In China, draft legislation has been proposed at the start of 2010, which aims in prohibiting the consumption of dog meat.^[26] The legislation however is not expected to be effective, despite officially outlawing the eating of dog meat if it is passed.^[26] On 26 January 2010, the first draft proposal of the legislation was introduced, with the main reason for the law reportedly to protect the country's animals from maltreatment, and includes a measure to jail people who eat dog for up to 15 days.^[27][28]

Hong Kong

In Hong Kong Hong Kong is one of the two special administrative regions of the People's Republic of China; the other is Macau. Situated on China's south coast and enclosed by the Pearl River Delta and South China Sea, it is renowned for its expansive skyline and deep natural harbour. With land mass of 1,104 km2 (426 sq mi) and a population of seven million, the Dogs and Cats Ordinance was introduced by the British colonial government on 6 January 1950 ,^[29] it prohibits the slaughter of any dog or cat for use as food, whether for mankind or otherwise, on pain of fine and imprisonment.^[30][31] Four local men were sentenced to 30 days imprisonment in December 2006 for having slaughtered two dogs.^[32] In an earlier case, in February 1998, a Hongkonger The people of Hong Kong , known as Hong Kongers, Kongers, and rarely Hongkongese, usually refers to people who originate from Hong Kong. The term is legally defined by the Government of Hong Kong in either English or Chinese, but may mean Hong Kong permanent residents with identity cards, or those who have spent an extensive period of time in Hong was sentenced to one month imprisonment and a fine of two thousand HK dollars for hunting street dogs for food.^[33]

Taiwan

In Taiwan, dog meat (Minnan The Southern Min languages, or Min Nan , ("Southern Fujian" language) is a family of Chinese languages which are spoken in southern Fujian and its neighbouring regions, Taiwan, and by descendants of emigrants from these areas in diaspora: 狗肉 gǒu ròu) is known by the euphemism A euphemism is a substitution with an agreeable or less offensive expression in place of one that may offend or suggest something unpleasant to the receiver, or to make it less troublesome for the speaker, as in the case of doublespeak. The deployment of euphemisms is a central aspect within the public application of political correctness "fragrant meat" (香肉 xiāng ròu) in Mandarin Chinese Standard Mandarin, or Standard Chinese, known by various names to native speakers, is the official modern Chinese spoken language used in mainland China and Taiwan, and is one of the four official languages of Singapore in Taiwan. Eating dogs has never been commonplace in Taiwan, but it is particularly eaten in the winter months, especially black dogs, which are believed to help retain body warmth. In 2004, the Taiwanese government imposed a ban on the sale of dog meat, due to both pressure from domestic animal welfare groups and a desire to improve international perceptions, although there were some protests.^[34][35]

East Timor

Dog meat is a delicacy popular in East Timor.^[36]

France

Although consumption of dog meat is not well-known in France and now considered taboo, dog meat has been consumed in the past.[4] [5] The earliest evidence of dog consumption in France was found at Gaulish archaeological sites where butchered dog bones were discovered.^[37] Similar findings, corresponding to that time or earlier periods, have also been recorded through Europe. French news sources from the late 19th century carried stories reporting lines of people buying dog meat, which was described as being "beautiful and light."^[38] Dog meat was also reported as being sold by some butchers in Paris, 1910.^[39] During the siege of Paris in 1870 there were lines at butcher's shops of people waiting to purchase dog meat. Dog meat was also reported as being sold by some butchers in Paris, 1910.^[40].

Germany

Dog meat has been eaten in every major German crisis at least since the time of Frederick the Great Frederick II was a King of Prussia (1740–1786) from the Hohenzollern dynasty. In his role as a prince-elector of the Holy Roman Empire, he was Frederick IV (Friedrich IV.) of Brandenburg. He was in personal union the sovereign prince of the Principality of Neuchâtel. He became known as Frederick the Great (Friedrich der Große) and was, and is commonly referred to as "blockade mutton."^[5] In the early 20th century, consumption of dog meat in Germany was common.^[41] In 1937, trichina Trichinella is the genus of parasitic roundworms of the phylum Nematoda that cause trichinosis. Members of this genus are often called trichinella or trichina worms. A characteristic of nematoda are one-way digestive tract, and a pseudocoelom inspection was introduced for pigs, dogs, boars, foxes, badgers, and other carnivores.^[42] Dog meat has been prohibited in Germany since 1986.^[43]

Ghana

In Ghana, the Tallensi of Ghana consider dog meat a delicacy. The Mamprusi generally avoid dogflesh, but it is eaten in a "courtship stew" provided by a king to his royal lineage.^[44]

Hawaii

Calwin Schwabe reported in 1979 that dog was widely eaten in Hawaii and considered to be higher quality than pork or chicken. When Hawaiins first encountered early British and American explorers and exploiters, they were at a loss to explain the visitors attitudes about dog meat. The Hawaiians raised both dogs and pigs as pets and for food. They could not understand why their British and American visitors only found the pig suitable for consumption.^[2]

India

There have been reports of locals in remote parts of North-East India Northeast India refers to the easternmost region of India consisting of the contiguous Seven Sister States, Sikkim, and parts of North Bengal . Northeast India is ethnically distinct from the other states of India. Linguistically the region is distinguished by a preponderance of Tibeto-Burman languages. Strong ethnic cultures that had escaped, such as those in Mizoram 'Mizoram pronunciation is one of the Seven Sister States in North Eastern India. It shares land borders with the states of Tripura, Assam, Manipur and with the neighbouring country of Bangladesh and the Chin State of Myanmar. Mizoram became the 23rd state of India on 20 February 1987. Its population at the 2001 census stood at 888,573. Mizoram and Nagaland Nagaland is a state located in the far north-eastern part of India. It borders the state of Assam to the west, Arunachal Pradesh and part of Assam to the north, Burma to the east and Manipur to the south. The state capital is Kohima, and the largest city is Dimapur. With a population of nearly two million people, it has a total area of 16,579 km², consuming dog meat.^[45][46] Apart from these areas, eating dog meat is a taboo throughout India. Hinduism Hinduism is the predominant and indigenous religious tradition of South Asia. Hinduism is often referred to as Sanātana Dharma by its adherents. Generic "types" of Hinduism that attempt to accommodate a variety of complex views span folk and Vedic Hinduism to bhakti tradition, as in Vaishnavism. Hinduism also includes yogic traditions, the primary religion of India, has a strong vegetarian tradition, however dogs are not considered meat because of the spiritual power the dog holds within. Eating any meat is considered a taboo by many devout Hindus. However, in Manusmṛti, there is a story of people eating dog meat when in complete scarcity of food supplies by doing this.^[47]

Indonesia

In Indonesia Indonesia , officially the Republic of Indonesia (Indonesian: Republik Indonesia), is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania. Indonesia comprises 17,508 islands. With a population of around 230 million people, it is the world's fourth most populous country, and has the world's largest population of Muslims. Indonesia is a republic, with an, the consumption of dog meat are usually associated with the Minahasa The Minahasa are an ethnic group located in the North Sulawesi province of Indonesia (in past called by Portuguese as North Selebes). The Minahasa speak Minahasan languages and Manado Malay (also known as Minahasa Malay), a language closely related to the Malay language, a Christian ethnic group in northern Sulawesi Sulawesi is one of the four larger Sunda Islands of Indonesia and is situated between Borneo and the Maluku Islands. In Indonesia, only Sumatra, Borneo, and Papua are larger in territory, and Bataks Batak is a collective term used to identify a number of ethnic groups found in the highlands of North Sumatra, Indonesia. Their heartland lies to the west of Medan centred on Lake Toba. In fact the "Batak" include several groups with distinct, albeit related, languages and customs . While the term is used to include the Toba, Karo, of Northern Sumatra who consider dog meat to be a festive dish and usually reserve it for special occasions like weddings and Christmas Christmas or Christmas Day is a holiday observed mostly on December 25 to commemorate the birth of Jesus, the central figure of Christianity. The date is not known to be the actual birth date of Jesus, and may have initially been chosen to correspond with either the day exactly nine months after some early Christians believed Jesus had been.^[48] Popular Indonesian dog-meat dish are rica-rica, called variably as "RW" or Rintek Wuuk, rica-Rica Waung, Guk-Guk, and "B1". Locally on Java Java is an island of Indonesia and the site of its capital city, Jakarta. Once the center of powerful Hindu-Buddhist kingdoms, Islamic sultanates, and the core of the colonial Dutch East Indies, Java now plays a dominant role in the economic and political life of Indonesia. Home to a population of 130 million in 2006, it is the most populous there are several names for dishes made from dog meat such as Sengsu (Tongseng Asu), Sate Satay or sate is a dish consisting of diced or sliced chicken, goat, mutton, beef, pork, fish, tofu, or other meats; the more authentic version uses skewers from the midrib of the coconut leaf, although bamboo skewers are often used. These are grilled or barbecued over a wood or charcoal fire, then served with various spicy seasonings Jamu, and Kambing Balap.

Japan

Dog meat was consumed widely in Japan until 675 A.D^{[citation needed]}, when Emperor Temmu decreed a prohibition on its consumption during the 4th-9th months of the year, along with cow, horse, monkey, and chicken meat.^[49] According to a book published in 1760, the meat of wild dog was sold along with boar, venison, fox, wolf, bear, badger, beaver and cat in some region of Edo.^[50]

Today Japan imports dog meat from China, which amounted to five tons in 2008.^[51]

Korea

Gaegogi (개고기) literally means "dog meat" in Korean. The term itself, however, is often mistaken as the term for Korean soup made from dog meat, which is actually called bosintang (보신탕; 補身湯).

The consumption of dog meat can be traced back to antiquity. Dog bones were excavated in a neolithic settlement in Changnyeong, South Gyeongsang Province. A wall painting in the Goguryeo Tombs complex in South Hwangghae Province, a World Heritage site which dates from the 4th century AD, depicts a slaughtered dog in a storehouse. The Balhae people also enjoyed dog meat, and the Koreans' appetite for canine cuisine seems to have come from that era.^[52]

South Korea

In South Korea (officially the Republic of Korea), dog meat is eaten nationwide and all year round, although it is most commonly eaten during summer.^[53]

The Korea Food and Drug Administration recognizes any edible product other than drugs as food. In the capital city of Seoul, the sale of dog meat was outlawed by regulation on February 21, 1984 by classifying dog meat as disgusting food, but the regulation was not rigorously enforced except during the 1988 Seoul Olympics. In 2001, the Mayor of Seoul announced that there would be no extra enforcement efforts to control the sale of dog meat during the 2002 FIFA World Cup, which was partially hosted in Seoul. In March 2008, the Seoul city government announced its plan to put forward a policy suggestion to the central government to legally classify slaughter dogs as livestock, reigniting debate on the issue.^[54]

South Korean Food Sanitary Law (식품위생법; 食品衛生法) does not include dog meat as a legal food ingredient. Also, dog meat has been categorized as 'repugnant food' (혐오식품; 嫌汚食品) based on a regulation issued by Seoul Metropolitan Government, of which using as food ingredient is not permitted.^[55]

However, the laws are not strictlly enforced and some portion of South Korean population still consume dog meat. The primary dog breed raised for meat, the Nureongi (누렁이), or Hwangu (황구; 黃狗); which is a kind of mix-breed dog, differs from those breeds raised for pets which Koreans keep in their homes. In March 2009, an article in the Korea Times reported that some 9,000 tons are being served at about 6,500 establishments across the country annually.^[56]

There is a large and vocal group of Korean people that are against the practice of eating dogs.^[57] There is also a large population of people in Korea that do not eat or enjoy the meat, but do feel strongly that it is the right of others to do so.^[57] There is a smaller but still vocal group of pro-dog cuisine people in South Korea who want to popularize the consumption of dog in Korea and the rest of the world.^[57]

Although it is illegal to sell dog meat in Seoul, some restaurateurs still do so even though they risk losing their restaurant licenses. In 1997 one dog meat wholesaler in Seoul was brought up on charges of selling dog meat illegally. However, an appeals court acquitted the dog meat wholesaler, ruling that dogs were socially accepted as food.^[58] BBC claim that, in 2003, approximately 4,000-6,000 restaurants served soups made from dog meat in Korea.^[59] The soups cost about US$10 while dishes of steamed dog meat with rice cost about US$25. The BBC claims that eighty-five hundred tons of dog meat are consumed per year, with another 93,600 tons used to produce a medicinal tonic called gaesoju (개소주).^[59] Koreans raise exceptional dogs which are edible.^[60] At the present day, the dogs are not beaten to death as they were in the past.^[61]

Dog meat is often consumed during the summer months and is either roasted or prepared in soups or stews. The most popular of these soups is bosintang and gaejang-guk, a spicy stew meant to balance the body's heat during the summer months. This is thought to ensure good health by balancing one's "ki" or vital energy of the body. A 19th century version of gaejang-guk explains the preparation of the dish by boiling dog meat with vegetables such as green onions and pepper powder. Variations of the dish contain chicken and bamboo shoots.^[62]

North Korea

In North Korea (officially the Democratic People's Republic of Korea), in early 2010 the government included dog meat in its new list of one hundred fixed prices, setting a fixed price of 500 won per kilogram.^[63]

Mexico

Consumption of dog meat is taboo in Mexico. However, in the time of the Aztecs, dogs were historically bred for their meat. Hernán Cortés reported that when he arrived in Tenochtitlan in 1519, "small gelded dogs which they breed for eating" were among the goods sold in the city markets.^[64] These dogs, now extinct, were called itzcuintlis, and were similar to the modern Mexican Hairless Dog. They are often depicted in pre-Columbian Mexican pottery.

In May 2008 a man named Rubén Cuellar of Veracruz-Boca del Rio was accused of engaging in the slaughter of dogs and selling the meat to local taco restaurants. He was detained by police pending investigation.^[65]

Nigeria

Dogs are eaten by various groups in some states of Nigeria including Cross River, Plateau, Taraba and Gombe of Nigeria.^[44] Plateau, Taraba and Gombe of Nigeria. They are believed to have medicinal powers.^[66][67]

Philippines

In the capital city of Manila, Metro Manila Commission Ordinance 82-05^[68] specifically prohibits the killing and selling of dogs for food. More generally, the Philippine Animal Welfare Act 1998^[69] prohibits the killing of any animal other than cattle, pigs, goats, sheep, poultry, rabbits, carabaos, horses, deer and crocodiles with exemptions for religious, cultural, research, public safety or animal health reasons.

Nevertheless, as is reported from time to time in Philippine newspapers, the eating of dog meat is not uncommon in the Philippines.^[70]

The Province of Benguet specifically allows cultural use of dog meat by indigenous people and acknowledges that this might lead to limited commercial use.^[71]

Poland

While the meat is not eaten, in some rural areas of Poland dog fat is by tradition believed to have medicinal properties - being good for the lungs, for instance. It can be made into smalec - lard. In 2009 a scandal erupted when a farm near Częstochowa was discovered rearing dogs to be rendered down into smalec.^[72]

Polynesia

Dogs were historically eaten in Tahiti and other islands of Polynesia including Hawaii^{[73] [74]} at the time of first European contact. James Cook, when first visiting Tahiti in 1769, recorded in his journal that "few were there of us but what allowe'd that a South Sea Dog was next to an English Lamb, one thing in their favour is that they live entirely upon Vegetables".^[75]

Switzerland

Popular Swiss recipes for dog meat include geforrtes hundefleisch served as paper-thin slices as well as smoked dog ham, and hundeschinken also called viande de Grisson which is prepared by salting and drying raw dog meat.^[76]

According to the November 21, 1996, edition of the Rheintaler Bote, a Swiss newspaper covering the Rhine Valley area, the rural Swiss cantons of Appenzell and St. Gallen are known to have had a tradition of eating dogs, curing dog meat into jerky and sausages, as well as using the lard for medicinal purposes. Dog sausage and smoked dog jerky remains a staple in the Swiss cantons of St. Gallen and Appenzell, where one farmer was quoted in a regional weekly newspaper as saying that "meat from dogs is the healthiest of all. It has shorter fibres than cow meat, has no hormones like veal, no antibiotics like pork."^[77]

A few years earlier, a news report on RTL Television on the two cantons set off a wave of protests from European animal rights activists and other concerned citizens. A 7000-name petition was filed to the commissions of the cantons, who rejected it, saying it wasn't the state's right to monitor the eating habits of its citizens.

The production of food from dog meat for commercial purposes, however, is illegal in Switzerland.^[78]

Tonga

Dog meat is barbecued in a umu in Tonga and considered a delicacy.^[79]

Tongan men nowadays, most favored eating dog especially after Kava session. it is about 1:2 rates of men that have eaten a dog in their life time. Horse too are eaten by Tongan men.

United States

In the United States, it is considered a social taboo and illegal in some jurisdictions to eat dogs or other animals traditionally considered to be pets or companion animals (see horse meat).^[80]

During their 1803–1806 expedition, Meriwether Lewis and the other members of the Corps of Discovery consumed dog meat, either from their own animals or supplied by Native American tribes including the Paiutes and Wah-clel-lah Indians, a branch of the Watlalas,^[81] the Clatsop,^[82] the Teton Sioux (Lakota),^[83] the Nez Perce Indians,^[84] and the Hidatsas.^[85] Lewis and the members of the expedition ate dog meat except William Clark who reportedly could not bring himself to eat dogs.^[86]

Native Americans

The traditional culture surrounding the consumption of dog meat varied from tribe to tribe among the original inhabitants of North America, with some tribes relishing it as a delicacy and others (such as the Comanche) treating it as an abhorrent practice.^[87] Native peoples of the Great Plains, such as the Sioux and Cheyenne, consumed it, but there was a concurrent religious taboo against the meat of wild canines.^[88] The usual preparation method was boiling.

Vietnam

Dog meat is consumed in Vietnam to varying degrees of acceptability, though it is particularly popular in the north. There are multiple dishes featuring dog meat, and they often include the head, feet and internal organs. On Nhat Tan Street, Tây Hồ District, Hanoi, many restaurants serve dog meat, often imitating each other. Dog meat restaurants can be found throughout the country. Groups of customers, usually male, seated on mats, will spend their evenings sharing plates of dog meat and drinking alcohol. Dog meat is supposed to raise the libido in men. ^[4] The consumption of dog meat can be part of a ritual usually occurring toward the end of the lunar month for reasons of astrology and luck. Restaurants which mainly exist to serve dog meat may only open for the last half of the lunar month.^[89]

Almost all dogs that are used for meat are imported from other Southeast Asian countries (Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, Malaysia, etc.)^[90] and from dog robbers.^[91]

In 2009, dog meat was found to be a main carrier of the Vibrio cholerae bacterium, which caused the summer epidemic of cholera in northern Vietnam.^[92][93]

Pathology

The raising and consumption of dog meat has been linked to the transmission of rabies to humans with two reported cases in China, one in Vietnam, and two deaths reported in the Philippines.^[94]

See also

• Asocena
• Cat meat
• Dog meat consumption in South Korea
• List of meat animals
• Taboo food and drink
• Wolf meat

References

1. ^ Ann Yong-Geun "Dog Meat Foods in Korea", Table 4. Composition of dog meat and Bosintang (in 100g, raw meat), Korean Journal of Food and Nutrition 12(4) 397 - 408 (1999).
2. ^ ^{a b} Schwabe, Calvin W. (1979). Unmentionable cuisine. University of Virginia Press. pp. 168. ISBN 9780813911625. http://books.google.com/books?id=SiBntk9jGmoC.
3. ^ ^{a b} Rupert Wingfield-Hayes (29 June 2002). "China's taste for the exotic". BBC News. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/from_our_own_correspondent/2074073.stm. Retrieved 2007-05-15.
4. ^ ^{a b} "Vietnam's dog meat tradition". BBC News. 31 December 2001. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/1735647.stm. Retrieved 2007-05-15.
5. ^ ^{a b} Dachshunds Are Tenderer. Time Magazine. November 25, 1940. http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,884181,00.html. Retrieved 2008-01-20
6. ^ ^{a b} Douglas Mawson. "The Home of the Blizzard". http://www.gutenberg.org/files/6137/6137-h/6137-h.htm#2HCH0013.
7. ^ William Saletan (January 16, 2002). "Wok The Dog -- What's wrong with eating man's best friend?". slate.com. http://www.slate.com/id/2060840/. Retrieved 2007-07-23.
8. ^ Ahmed Zihni (2004). "Dog Meat Dilemma". sunysb.edu. http://web.archive.org/web/20070811115017/http://www.sunysb.edu/writrhet/philosophy/handbook/essaycontest/2004essaywinners/2004+Ahmet+Zihni.htm. Retrieved 2008-05-11.
9. ^ John Feffer (June 2, 2002). "The Politics of Dog - When globalization and culinary practice clash". http://web.archive.org/web/20060427201343/http://www.prospect.org/print/V13/10/feffer-j.html. Retrieved 2007-05-11.
10. ^ "Translation of Sahih Muslim, Book 21: The Book of Games and the Animals which May be Slaughtered and the Animals that Are to be Eaten.". USC-MSA Compendium of Muslim Texts. http://www.usc.edu/dept/MSA/fundamentals/hadithsunnah/muslim/021.smt.html#021.4752. Retrieved 2007-05-27. Chapter 3: It is unlawful to eat fanged beasts of prey and birds with talons
11. ^ Roald Amundsen. "The South Pole". http://www.gutenberg.org/dirs/etext03/tsp1210h.htm#intro.
12. ^ "Canine carcasses at Edmonton restaurant were coyotes". Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. November 11, 2003. http://www.cbc.ca/news/story/2003/11/11/coyote_meat031111.html. Retrieved 2007-04-19.
13. ^ "Ready-to-cook canines at Edmonton restaurant". Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. November 5, 2003. http://www.cbc.ca/news/story/2003/11/05/dog_restaurant2031105.html. Retrieved 2007-04-19.
14. ^ "Dog meat legal, health inspector says". Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. November 7, 2003. http://www.cbc.ca/news/story/2003/11/07/dog_meat031107.html. Retrieved 2007-04-19.
15. ^ Asme; Shiqiu Liang, Dazun Chen (2005). Ya she xiao pin xuan ji. Chinese University Press. p. 244. ISBN 9789629962197. http://books.google.com/?id=UMZdQT_FyHAC&pg=PA244 Contributions by Nicholas Lemann, Translated by Ta-tsun Chen.
16. ^ Simoons, Frederick J. (1991). Food in China: a cultural and historical inquiry. CRC Press. pp. 24, 38, 149, 305, 309–315, 317, 332. ISBN 9780849388040. http://books.google.com/?id=Fo087ZxohA4C .
17. ^ Harper, Damian (2007). China's Southwest (3, illustrated ed.). Lonely Planet. p. 193. ISBN 9781741041859. http://books.google.com/?id=lgOGbpzDA5YC .
18. ^ Jeffries, Stuart (2004-12-29). "Fang shui". Sydney Morning Herald. http://www.smh.com.au/news/Good-Living/Fang-shui/2004/12/28/1103996536603.html. Retrieved 2006-09-04.
19. ^ "Dog meat row hits HK chain". BBC News. 4 August 2002. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/2172072.stm.
20. ^ Wakabayashi, Bob Tadashi (2007). The Nanking atrocity, 1937-38: complicating the picture (illustrated ed.). Berghahn Books. p. 2007. ISBN 9781845451806. http://books.google.com/?id=N-vXRgEAPU0C .
21. ^ "Eating dog meat? Well, if it's good enough for an astronaut…". Daily Telegraph. May 13th, 2010. http://blogs.telegraph.co.uk/news/peterfoster/100039718/eating-dog-meat-well-if-its-good-enough-for-an-astronaut/. Retrieved 2010-07-22.
22. ^ "Salon Editorial: An Olympic Disgrace". http://www.salon.com/opinion/feature/2008/03/24/animal_cruelty_china/.
23. ^ "Reuters: Guangzhou bans eating snakes--ban helps cats". http://www.animalpeoplenews.org/07/11/guangzhoubanseatingsnakes11_07.html. Retrieved 2008-02-16.
24. ^ "Reuters: Say no to cat dog meat". http://hk.myblog.yahoo.com/pet-lover/article?mid=4575%20. Retrieved 2008-02-16.
25. ^ "Northern Chinese Restaurant, Rosemead, California". http://www.yelp.com/biz/northern-chinese-restaurant-rosemead#hrid:U-axVJ_MMEBaoIodfXa5dg/query:dog%20meat. Retrieved 2008-02-16.
26. ^ ^{a b} Li Xianzhi, 2010-01-27, Eating cats, dogs could be outlawed, Xinhua News Agency
27. ^ Trung Quốc sắp sửa cấm ăn thịt chó, mèo (Vietnamese)
28. ^ "China to jail people for up to 15 days who eat dog". China Daily. http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2010-01/26/content_9379689.htm. Retrieved 2010-01-26.
29. ^ "Dogs and cats ordinance". Department of Justice (Hong Kong). 1950-01-06. http://www.legislation.gov.hk/blis_ind.nsf/CurEngOrd/A1D0F30B6DF3561C88256489000BA485?OpenDocument. Retrieved 2009-11-19.
30. ^ "Slaughter of dog or cat for food prohibited". Department of Justice (Hong Kong). 1997-06-30. http://www.legislation.gov.hk/blis_ind.nsf/e1bf50c09a33d3dc482564840019d2f4/44771ba5f3213c8e88256489000ba799?OpenDocument. Retrieved 2006-12-01.
31. ^ "Slaughter of dog or cat for food - Penalty". Department of Justice (Hong Kong). 1997-06-30. http://www.legislation.gov.hk/blis_ind.nsf/e1bf50c09a33d3dc482564840019d2f4/4047f3da4a9d11a588256489000ba79a?OpenDocument. Retrieved 2006-12-01.
32. ^ Cheng, Jonathan (2006-12-23). "Dog-for-food butchers jailed (DUBIOUS first case)". The Standard - China's Business Newspaper. http://www.thestandard.com.hk/news_print.asp?art_id=34791&sid=11480561. Retrieved 2007-01-10.
33. ^ "First Case Imprisonment in HK for Dog Meal". 2006-05-29. http://ks.cn.yahoo.com/question/?qid=1306052905861. Retrieved 2006-12-23.
34. ^ "Taiwan Bans The Selling Of Dog Meat". http://www.buzzle.com/editorials/1-10-2004-49298.asp. Retrieved 2006-09-06.
35. ^ "Taiwan bans dog meat". BBC News. 2 January 2001. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/1097823.stm. Retrieved 2007-05-15.
36. ^ "Democratic Republic of East Timor". worldconflictstoday.com. p. 3. http://www.worldconflictstoday.com/axiom_content/cg_pdfs/world/EastTimor.pdf.
37. ^ Mallher, X.; B. Denis (1989). Le Chien, Animal De Boucherie. pp. 81–84.
38. ^ Romi (1993). Histoire des festins insolites et de la goinfrerie, Artulen, Paris.
39. ^ Boitani, Luige; Monique Bourdin (1997). 1'ABCdaire du Chien.
40. ^ Romi (1993). Histoire des festins insolites et de la goinfrerie.
41. ^ (PDF) Germany's dog meat market; Consumption of Canines and Horses Is on the Increase.. The New York Times. June 23, 1907. http://query.nytimes.com/mem/archive-free/pdf?_r=1&res=9B04E4D9133EE033A25750C2A9609C946697D6CF&oref=slogin. Retrieved 2008-01-20 , Bureau Of Manufactures, United States; Bureau Of Foreign Commerce (1854-1903), United States; Bureau Of Statistics, United States. Dept. of Commerce and Labor (1900). Monthly consular and trade reports, Volume 64, Issues 240-243.. United States. Bureau of Manufactures, Bureau of Foreign Commerce, Dept. of Commerce. http://books.google.com/?id=3mZJAAAAMAAJ&pg=PP5&q=. Retrieved 2009-09-29
42. ^ Fleischbeschaugesetz (Meat Inspection Law), § 1a, RGBl. (Reich Law Gazette) 1937 I p. 458, then becoming § 1 para. 3, RGBl. 1940 I p. 1463 (in German)
43. ^ Fleischhygienegesetz (Law on Meat Hygiene), § 1 para. 1 sent. 4, BGBl. (Federal Law Gazette) 1986 I p. 398 (in German).
44. ^ ^{a b} Frederick J. Simoons (1994). Eat not this flesh: food avoidances from prehistory to the present (2 ed.). Univ of Wisconsin Press. p. 229. ISBN 9780299142544. http://books.google.com/?id=JwGZTQunH00C .
45. ^ "Dog meat, a delicacy in Mizoram". The Hindu. December 20, 2004. http://www.hindu.com/2004/12/20/stories/2004122003042000.htm. "Inquiries revealed that dog meat is a prized food item here."
46. ^ "Dimapur, Nagaland's Biggest City". January 29, 2007. http://eagersnap.blogspot.com/2007/01/dimapur-nagalands-biggest-city.html. "Nagaland is in many way culturally closer to South East Asia than to India proper, and this is also seen in the food culture. It is not uncommon to eat dog"
47. ^ Eating Karma in Classical South Asian Texts | Social Research | Find Articles at BNET
48. ^ "Minahasa" (PDF). http://www.jai.or.id/jurnal/2004/sv/06gw_sv04.pdf. Retrieved 2006-12-20.
49. ^ Nihon Shoki Chapter 29 -- Kanbun: 亦四月朔以後。九月三十日以前。莫置比満沙伎理梁。且莫食牛・馬・犬・猿・鶏之完。以外不在禁例。[1] English: Also, from the first day of the first[sic. it should read fourth] month until the 30th day of the ninth month, it is prohibited to use hinasakiri or fish traps. Also, cow, horse, dog, monkey, and chicken meat is not to be eaten. Meats outside of these are not prohibited.[2]
50. ^ Hanley, Susan B. (1999). Everyday things in premodern Japan: the hidden legacy of material culture. University of California Press. p. 66. ISBN 0520218124. http://books.google.com/books?id=f7E5a9CIploC&pg=PA66&dq=dog#v=onepage&q=dog&f=false.
51. ^ (Japanese) 平成20年動物検疫年報仕出地域別輸入検疫状況, Quarantine Statics, The Animal Quarantine Service, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (Japan).
52. ^ A Study of the favorite Foods of the Balhae People Yang Ouk-da
53. ^ Anthony L. Podberscek (2009,). "Good to Pet and Eat: The Keeping and Consuming of Dogs and Cats in South Korea". Journal of Social Issues 65 (3): 615-632. http://www.animalsandsociety.org/assets/265_podberscek.pdf.
54. ^ Rakhyun E. Kim (2008). "DOG MEAT IN KOREA: A SOCIO-LEGAL CHALLENGE". Animal Law Review 14 (2). http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1325574.
55. ^ Hankyore [3](Korean)
56. ^ Jon Huer, Dog's Life in Korea, March 27, 2009, The Korea Times.
57. ^ ^{a b c} Do Koreans Really Eat Dog? about.com
58. ^ Hopkins, Jerry; Bourdain, Anthony; Freeman, Michael (2004). Extreme Cuisine: The Weird & Wonderful Foods That People Eat. Tuttle Publishing. p. 23. ISBN 079460255X. http://books.google.com/books?id=DJDKaxEEfYgC&pg=PA23&dq=appeals+court#v=onepage&q=appeals%20court&f=false.
59. ^ ^{a b} South Korea's dog day, BBC News, 17 August 1999.
60. ^ Dog Meat Foods in Korea, Ann, Yong-Geun, Korean Medical Database
61. ^ Young Koreans turn their noses up at dog dinners By Daniel Jeffreys in Seoul,3 August 2007, independent.co.uk
62. ^ Pettid, Michael J., Korean Cuisine: An Illustrated History, London: Reaktion Books Ltd., 2008, 84-85.
63. ^ Dailynk.com
64. ^ Cortés, Hernan; trans. Anthony Pagden (1986). Letters from Mexico. New Haven: Yale University Press. ISBN 0-300-03799-6.
65. ^ Mata perros surtia de carne fresca a taqueros
66. ^ "Dog's dinners prove popular in Nigeria". BBC News. 2007-03-06. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/6419041.stm. Retrieved 2006-03-06.
67. ^ Willy Volk (March 7, 2007). ""Man Bites Dog": Dining on Dog Meat in Nigeria". gadling.com. http://www.gadling.com/2007/03/07/man-bites-dog-dining-on-dog-meat-in-nigeria/.
68. ^ "Metro Manila Commission Ordinance 82-05". http://www.pitstopit.com/paws3/campaign_mmc.htm. Retrieved 2006-10-27.
69. ^ "The Animal Welfare Act 1998". http://www.chanrobles.com/republicactno8485.htm. Retrieved 2006-08-30.
70. ^ Desiree Caluza (2006-01-17). "Dog meat eating doesn’t hound Cordillera natives". Philippine Daily Inquirer. http://news.inq7.net/regions/index.php?index=2&story_id=63272&col=36. Retrieved 2006-10-27.
71. ^ "Resolution 05-392". Province of Benguet. 2006-01-17. http://elgu2.ncc.gov.ph/benguet/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=288&Itemid=1. Retrieved 2006-10-27.
72. ^ Polish couple accused of making dog meat delicacy , Telegraph
73. ^ Titcomb, M. (1969). Dog and Man in the Ancient Pacific. Honolulu: Bernice P. Bishop Museum Special Publication 59.
74. ^ Ellis, W. (1839). Polynesian Researches. 4. London: Fisher, Jackson.
75. ^ Mumford, David (1971). The Explorations of Captain James Cook in the Pacific. New York: Dover Publications. ISBN 0-486-22766-9.
76. ^ Schwabe 1979, p. 173.
77. ^ Joongang Ilbo, January 13, 2004; Rheintaler Bote, November 21, 1996; excerpts from both articles translated in: "And you thought they just ate fondue", Marmot's Hole (blog), January 14, 2004. Retrieved 2007-08-08.
78. ^ FDHA Ordinance of 23 November 2005 on food of animal origin, Art.2.
79. ^ Man barbecues pet dog, no charges laid.
80. ^ The specific prohibition may not be against the actual consumption of dog meat but some other related action. Section 589B of the California Penal Code, for example, prohibits the possession, import, export, sale, purchase, or giving away of a pet or companion animal or the carcass of such an animal for use as food.
81. ^ Back Through the Gorge, 1806
82. ^ Ecola
83. ^ Change of Heart
84. ^ Lemhi Pass to Fort Clatsop
85. ^ September 17, "Sinque Hole Camp"
86. ^ Sex, Dog Meat, and the Lash: Odd Facts About Lewis and Clark
87. ^ Native Radio
88. ^ Native American Diet
89. ^ Arthurs, Clare (2001-12-31). "Vietnam's dog meat tradition". BBC. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/asia-pacific/1735647.stm. Retrieved 2006-10-10.
90. ^ Dẫn tôi đi thăm "khu công nghiệp" chó, anh Lai giới thiệu hiện tại đã có 25 trại, mỗi trại thường xuyên có hơn một tấn chó "dự bị". Mỗi ngày, "khu công nghiệp" này của Sơn Đông cung cấp cho thị trường Hà Nội khoảng 10 tấn chó hơi, chủ yếu là chó ngoại của Lào, Campuchia, Thái Lan, Malaysia... Buôn chó xuyên quốc gia Tuoi Tre Newspaper
91. ^ Quán "cờ tây" mọc lên như nấm, giá thịt chó cũng leo thang tới 40.000 – 50.000 đồng/kg, nạn trộm chó cũng gia tăng khắp các tỉnh Miền Tây: Nạn… mất chó! Sai Gon Giai Phong Newspaper
92. ^ "Hanoi dog meat restaurants come under scrutiny after cholera outbreak". Vietnamnet. http://english.vietnamnet.vn/Health/2009/04/843532/. Retrieved 2009-05-15.
93. ^ "Cholera, bird flu present, but VN still A/H1N1-free". Vietnamnet. http://english.vietnamnet.vn/reports/2009/05/847602/. Retrieved 2009-05-15.
94. ^ Kathleen E. McLaughlin - GlobalPost (2009-06-02). "Eat a dog, catch rabies?". http://www.globalpost.com/dispatch/china-and-its-neighbors/090529/the-link-between-eating-dogs-and-catching-rabies. Retrieved 2009-06-04.

Further reading

• Kim, Rakhyun E. (2008). "Dog Meat in Korea: A Socio-Legal Challenge". Animal Law 14 (2): 201–236. http://ssrn.com/abstract=1325574
• Colting, Fredrik; Carl-Johan Gadd (2005-07-10). Magnus Andersson Gadd. ed. The Pet Cookbook: Have your best Friend for dinner. Canada: Nicotext. ISBN 91-974883-4-8.
• Yong-Geun Ann, Ph.D (in Korean and English). Dog Meat. Hyoil Book Publishing Company. http://wolf.ok.ac.kr/~annyg/english/. (contains some recipes)
• Dressler, Uwe; Alexander Neumeister (2003-05-01) (in German). Der Kalte Hund. Dresden: IBIS-Ed.. ISBN 3-8330-0650-1.

External links

• "Chinese Animal Protection Network: our work against consumption of cat dog meat"
• Sirius Global Animal Organisation UN-recognised charity campaigning to end the trade of Western dogs to East Asia for meat production.
• Dr. Dogmeat's website Website for Dr. Ahn Yong-keun, a well-known advocate of dog meat consumption in Korea.
• "Thit chó: eating a (hot) dog": a photo series by Tristan Savatier.
• 'Adventure Cuisine,' Dog meat in Northeast India, Sunday MidDay, 22nd June 2008, by Arjun Razdan

Categories: Animal welfare | Chinese ingredients | Dogs | Dogs in popular culture | Korean ingredients | Meat | Vietnamese ingredients

See Also:

What Links Here:

Recently Viewed Pages:

• Home
• About Us
• Search Terms
• Sprouting: Encyclopedia
• Raw Veganism: Encyclopedia
• Edible Sprouts: Answers
• Raw Food: Blogs
• Food: Encyclopedia
• Raw Milk: Encyclopedia
• Processed Food: Encyclopedia

Most Popular Pages:

• Search Terms
• Home
• Mongo Seed Planting: Answers
• Omnivorous: Encyclopedia
• Starvation: Answers
• Mongo Seeds: Answers
• Mongo Plants: Answers
• Sprouting: Encyclopedia
• Omnivorous
• Carnivorous: Encyclopedia

Related 'Dog Meat' Searches: